Understanding the key drivers that affect a decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in agricultural areas is of major concern since leading to a decline in service provision from soils and potentially carbon release into the atmosphere. Despite an increasing attention is given to SOC depletion and degradation processes, SOC dynamics are far from being completely understood because they occur in the long term and are the result of a complex interaction between management and pedo-climatic...
Topics: Agricultural management, Decision support system, Land use, Soil organic carbon
This study examines how public support for four specific low-carbon energy policies (renewable energy investment, revenue-neutral carbon tax, fuel efficiency regulations, expansion of nuclear power) varies when these policies are framed as a way to reduce either climate change, air pollution, or energy dependence. A survey question wording experiment with a nationally representative U.S. sample is utilized. We find framing effects only among Republicans, whose policy support was lower in...
Topics: Clean energy policy, Climate change, Framing, Public opinion
Mendeley Climate Change Library
70
70
2018
2018
by
Aikaterini Zerva; Georgios Tsantopoulos; Evangelos Grigoroudis; Garyfallos Arabatzis
texts
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The current need to adjust to the climate change requires urgent action to be taken both by the stakeholders involved in addressing climate change and by citizens. However, in order for citizens to be able to take part in such actions directly or indirectly, they will need to have a positive perception of the relevant stakeholders, so that a mutual relationship of trust and understanding is established. The objective of this study is to examine citizen satisfaction with the actions of the...
Topic: Stakeholders
Forest management decisions often rely on forest growth process based models. These models require climate data at a time-scale and a time-frame that is frequently not available in the area of interest. With the purpose of evaluating the use of modelled climate as a replacement for observational data, we compared the performance (efficiency, precision and bias) of a forest growth process based model (3-PG) when the inputs of the observational climate data were replaced by modelled climate data....
Topics: CORDEX, Climate change, Eucalyptus, RACMO, Regional climate models, WRF
Mendeley Climate Change Library
131
131
2018
2018
by
Hanxiao Zhang; Shouliang Huo; Kevin M. Yeager; Beidou Xi; Zhuoshi He; Chunzi Ma; Fengchang Wu
texts
eye 131
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Information on both the climate change and anthropogenic activities on lacustrine ecosystem is of crucial importance for understanding the current state and future development of lake systems. The sediment profiles of arsenic, mercury, other metals, and nutrients were used to investigate climate change and anthropogenic activities impacts on three lakes located on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (Lake Chenghai, Qionghai) and Northeastern Plain region (Lake Jingpohu) of China. The enrichment factor...
Topics: Arsenic, Climate change, Eutrophication, Heavy metals, Lake sediments, Mercury, Trophic status
Mendeley Climate Change Library
320
320
2019
2019
by
Mariusz Gałka; Marta Szal; Tanja Broder; Julie Loisel; Klaus Holger Knorr
texts
eye 320
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High-resolution plant macrofossil records were examined alongside geochemical analysis (non-destructive X-Ray fluorescence and carbon stable isotopes), pollen, and micro-charcoal data of an ombrotrophic mountain peatland located in the Harz Mountains, central Germany, Europe. We hypothesize that increased deposition of dust and pollutants across the bog surface causes changes in habitat conditions, which in turn lead to shifts in moss-dominated communities. We observe that increases in the...
Topics: Carbon isotopes, Deforestation, Human impact, Sphagnum succession, XRF
The paper aims at assessing agroforestry as an adaptation strategy to a changing local climate. Agroforestry is necessitated by the need to improve tree population along the Sisili River and other areas in the Kassena Nankana West District. Primary data were generated through survey methods in which questionnaires were administered to 75 agroforestry farmers. It was triangulated with eight focus group discussions and five key informant interviews. Additionally, secondary data on rainfall and...
Topics: Adaptation, Agroforestry, Climate change, Farmer, Kassena Nankana West, Local climate
Climate is changing at an unprecedented rate with impacts being felt in social and ecological systems around the world. Opportunities for building climate resilience of the social-ecological system surrounding freshwater areas are assessed using the aquatic monitoring and reporting programs of Muskoka River Watershed (Ontario, Canada) as a case study. A three-step study design was used: establishment of a knowledge baseline (i.e., what has been done), confirmation of the baseline to ensure...
Topics: Watershed monitoring, Watershed reporting
Mendeley Climate Change Library
63
63
2018
2018
by
Shuo Liang; Yuefen Li; Xubo Zhang; Zhigang Sun; Nan Sun; Yinghua Duan; Minggang Xu; Lianhai Wu
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Climate change and excessive fertilization will threaten the crops yields and nitrogen utilization in coming decades. The aim of this study is to quantify the response of crop yields and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to different fertilization strategies and climate change scenarios in the northern China by 2100 using the process-based SPACSYS model. The model was calibrated and validated with the data from four long-term experiments with winter wheat (Triticum Aestivium L.) and summer maize...
Topics: Climate change, Double cropping, Nitrogen use efficiency, SPACSYS model, Yield
Extreme drought and precipitation are expected to occur more frequently due to climate change, which may influence the water uptake patterns by vegetation in the rocky mountainous area of northern China. In this work, dual stable isotopes were used to detect the water sources of mixed forest of coniferous and broad-leaved tree species and their response of leaf water potential under differently sized precipitation events (no rain: 0.0 mm; light rain: 9.8 mm; moderate rain: 21.8 mm; large rain:...
Topics: Leaf water potential, Rain event, Stable isotopes, Water use pattern
Mendeley Climate Change Library
202
202
2019
2019
by
Hanxue Liang; Jian Guo Huang; Qianqian Ma; Jingye Li; Zhou Wang; Xiali Guo; Huoxing Zhu; Shaowei Jiang; Peng Zhou; Biyun Yu; Dawei Luo
texts
eye 202
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It is critical to investigate the effects of competition and climate on forest growth as they are main forces affecting forest dynamics. However, in subtropics of China such a study has never been conducted. Here we conducted a pioneer study to evaluate the effects of competition and climate on growth of Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana) in mixed forests of subtropical China along a broad latitudinal gradient (23°N∼32°N). Twenty-three plots (20m × 20m) were randomly selected from 11...
Topics: Climate change, Dendroecology, Distant-independent competition index, Pinus massoniana, Subtropical...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
103
103
2018
2018
by
Bruno Colling Klein; Mateus Ferreira Chagas; Tassia Lopes Junqueira; Mylene Cristina Alves Ferreira Rezende; Terezinha de Fátima Cardoso; Otavio Cavalett; Antonio Bonomi
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eye 103
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The use of renewable jet fuel (RJF) in substitution to fossil jet fuel is one of the main initiatives towards the reduction of impacts derived from carbon emissions by airline operations. This study compares different routes for RJF production integrated with sugarcane biorefineries in Brazil. Eight scenarios with sugarcane mills annexed to three ASTM−approved RJF production technologies, i.e. Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FT), and Alcohol to Jet...
Topics: Biomass, Biorefinery, Life cycle analysis, Renewable jet fuel, Sugarcane, Techno-economic assessment
Mendeley Climate Change Library
88
88
2018
2018
by
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos; David Uriarte; Alan N. Lakso; Diego S. Intrigliolo
texts
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A carbon balance model (VitiSim) was used for assessing the effects of vine water status and different climate scenarios on the dry matter production and partitioning of ‘Tempranillo’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in two different Spanish regions. Inputs included weather daily variables, stem water potential measurements and vineyard system data. Partitioning is based on the supply and demand balance using relative sink strength coefficients when carbon supply is lower than organ...
Topics: Carbon partitioning, Dry matter, Photosynthesis, Tempranillo, Water stress
Mendeley Climate Change Library
108
108
2019
2019
by
Oz Sahin; Rodney A. Stewart; Gaelle Faivre; Dan Ware; Rodger Tomlinson; Brendan Mackey
texts
eye 108
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An integrated approach combining Bayesian Network with GIS was developed for making a probabilistic prediction of sea level rise induced coastal erosion and assessing the implications of adaptation measures. The Bayesian Network integrates extensive qualitative and quantitative information into a single probabilistic model while GIS explicitly deals with spatial data for inputting, storing, analysing and mapping. The integration of the Bayesian Network with GIS using a cell-by-cell comparison...
Topics: Probabilistic risk mapping, Spatial Bayesian Network
Patterns of spatial and temporal variability of algal bloom in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) of China were investigated using Semi-implicit Eulerian-Lagrangian Finite Element (SELFE) model, an unstructured grid, 3-dimensional, hydrodynamic model fully coupled with an extended version of Water Quality Analysis Program (WASP) and the Carbon and Nutrients DIagenesis (CANDI) model. The coupled model was driven by the discharge, operational water level of the TGR, nutrients and phytoplankton from...
Topics: SELFE, Three Gorges Reservoir, WASP
This study analyses impacts of climate change on peri-urban communities that are at risk of drought and further demonstrates that these communities are aware of this change. This study is focused on two Mexican cities, Aguascalientes and Hermosillo and their respective peri-urban communities, to demonstrate the shared awareness of increased temperatures as well as rainfall decrease. Vulnerability experienced by both communities differs by dimensions like exposure and sensibility to the climate...
Topics: Climate change, Drought, Peri-urban areas, Poverty
Mendeley Climate Change Library
56
56
2019
2019
by
Laurie R. Godfrey; Nick Scroxton; Brooke E. Crowley; Stephen J. Burns; Michael R. Sutherland; Ventura R. Pérez; Peterson Faina; David McGee; Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana
texts
eye 56
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Fundamental disagreements remain regarding the relative importance of climate change and human activities as triggers for Madagascar's Holocene megafaunal extinction. We use stable isotope data from stalagmites from northwest Madagascar coupled with radiocarbon and butchery records from subfossil bones across the island to investigate relationships between megafaunal decline, climate change, and habitat modification. Archaeological and genetic evidence support human presence by 2000 years...
Topics: Indian Ocean trade network, Paleoclimate, Population expansion, Quaternary extinction, Speleothems
Since climate change involves uncertainty, complexity and massive, rapid disruptions, companies seeking to adapt need to search for specific and non-traditional knowledge. Social learning approaches have emerged as a promising way to address the issue of adaptation to climate change. This paper examines the structuring of a business strategy for adaptation in a Brazilian thermoplastic resin and petrochemical company to exemplify the extent to which internal changes in the organization's...
Topics: Business risk management, Climate change adaptation, Community of practice, Organizational...
In Japan, a body of archaeological assemblages with radiocarbon dates has been providing better understanding of relationship between lithic technology, pottery culture, settlement system, social change, and environment. This paper presented newly conducted radiocarbon dating on charred residue on potteries from Initial Jomon sites in northeastern Hokkaido. This work evidenced current pottery typological chronology and allows us to confirm diachronic lithic technological change associated with...
Topics: Climate change, Holocene, Lithic technology, Radiocarbon dating
Paleopedology and pedostratigraphy are devoted to the use of buried and relict soils in interpreting the record of environmental conditions that are different from the current ones. As such, paleosols may be used in models that aim at predicting future earth system reactions to changing environmental conditions. Dated paleosols are an important part of the natural heritage and should be protected.
Topics: Biodiversity, Climate change, Cultural heritage, Definition, Geosol, Method, Palaeo, Pedosites, Red...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
43
43
2018
2018
by
Francesca De Serio; Mouldi Ben Meftah; Michele Mossa; Donatella Termini
texts
eye 43
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Vegetation in channels strongly affects flow structure and turbulence, with consequences on the hydrological storage of nutrients and chemical tracers, the shelter of stream biota as well as the trapping or transport of sediments. At the same time, all these phenomena are inevitably subjected to alteration of hydrological conditions in fluvial systems due to climate change. The present study intends to provide a thorough investigation into the processes of transport and dispersion induced by...
Topics: Advective transport, Dispersion, Flexible vegetation, Rigid vegetation, Turbulent length
Soil microbial communities have the potential to modify plant performance and condition plant species responses to environmental change, but the role of soil microorganisms for plant drought responses remains unclear. We used a novel experimental approach to examine the interactive effects of drought and presence of soil microbes on biomass production and plant traits in a savanna tree species. Seedlings of Bauhinia brachycarpa were grown in sterilized or ‘live’ soil, with or without...
Topics: Phospholipid fatty acid analysis, Plant functional traits, Plant-soil (below-ground) interactions,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
26
26
2018
2018
by
Vera Eory; Sylvain Pellerin; Gema Carmona Garcia; Heikki Lehtonen; Ieva Licite; Hanna Mattila; Thøger Lund-Sørensen; John Muldowney; Dina Popluga; Lisbeth Strandmark; Rogier Schulte
texts
eye 26
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Combatting climate change has risen to the top of the international policy discourse. Effective governance necessitates the generation of concise information on the costs-effectiveness of policy instruments aimed at reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) approach is a framework commonly used to summarise information of potential mitigation effort, and can help in identifying the most cost-effective managerial and technological GHG...
Topics: Agriculture, Greenhouse gas emissions, Marginal abatement cost curves, Methodology
Mendeley Climate Change Library
49
49
2018
2018
by
Gilles Chatelain; Stefanie Lena Hille; David Sander; Martin Patel; Ulf Joachim Jonas Hahnel; Tobias Brosch
texts
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To counteract climate change people should adopt lifestyles consisting of numerous pro-environmental actions, across different domains, sustained over long time periods. Thus, it is important to understand how initial pro-environmental behaviors can impact the likelihood of subsequent behaviors. We tested the hypothesis that people use mental bookkeeping of past behaviors, allowing them to limit pro-environmental behaviors after having performed similar ones, and investigated the role of affect...
Topics: Affect, Mental bookkeeping, Pro-environmental behavior, Spillover
Mendeley Climate Change Library
35
35
2019
2019
by
Gisselle E. Guerra-Chanis; Miguel Reyes-Merlo; Manuel Díez-Minguito; Arnoldo Valle-Levinson
texts
eye 35
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River discharge, precipitation, wind, water level and salinity measurements were used to investigate saltwater intrusion in a subtropical estuary. The upstream limit of saltwater intrusion was defined by the position of the 2 g/kg isohaline (X2) as it changed each tidal cycle. Observations were obtained from November 2014 to November 2015 along the Suwannee River, at Florida's Big Bend. Observations provided information to construct a first-order autoregressive Markov-chain model and predict...
Topic: Suwannee River
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are modifying climate patterns on a global scale. Behavior changes at the household level can help limit the magnitude of carbon emissions and associated climate change. The objective of this study is to determine which individual actions have the largest potential for reducing household greenhouse gas emissions. Past behavior change research has focused on the reduction potential of direct emissions in one or two household domains at a time, often...
Topics: Carbon footprint, Climate change, High-impact behavior, Mitigation, Pro-environmental behavior
An integrated simulation-optimization (ISO) approach is developed for assessing climate change impacts on water resources. In the ISO, uncertainties presented as both interval numbers and probability distributions can be reflected. Moreover, ISO permits in-depth analyses of various policy scenarios that are associated with different levels of economic consequences when the promised water-allocation targets are violated. A snowmelt-precipitation-driven watershed (Kaidu watershed) in northwest...
Topics: Climate change, Multistage, Simulation-optimization, Stochastic analysis, Uncertainty, Water...
A number of empirical methods have been developed to study China's sectoral carbon emissions (CSCE). Measuring these emissions is important for climate change mitigation. While several articles have reviewed specific methods, few attempts conduct a systematic analysis of all the major research methods. In total 807 papers were published on CSCE research between 1997 and 2017. The primary source of literature for this analysis was taken from the Web of Science database. Based on a bibliometric...
Topic: Modelling
Mendeley Climate Change Library
26
26
2018
2018
by
Shihab Uddin; Shahnaj Parvin; Markus Löw; Glenn J. Fitzgerald; Sabine Tausz-Posch; Roger Armstrong; Michael Tausz
texts
eye 26
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The ‘CO2 fertilisation effect’ is often predicted to be greater under drier than wetter conditions, mainly due to hypothesised early season water savings under elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]). However, water savings largely depend on the balance between CO2-induced improvement of leaf-level water use efficiency and CO2-stimulation of transpiring leaf area. The dynamics of water use during the growing season can therefore vary depending on leaf area development. Two canola (Brassica napus L.)...
Topic: Water use dynamics
Understanding the controls of agriculture and climate change on recharge rates is critically important to develop appropriate sustainable management plans for groundwater resources and coupled irrigated agricultural systems. In this study, several physical (total potential (ψ T ) time series) and chemical tracer and dating ( 3 H, Cl − , Br − , CFCs, SF 6 , and 3 H/ 3 He) methods were used to quantify diffuse recharge rates beneath two rangeland sites and irrigation recharge rates beneath...
Topics: Climate change, Diffuse recharge, Groundwater recharge, High plains aquifer, Irrigated agriculture,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
32
32
2019
2019
by
Felipe Zúñiga; Dorota Dec; Susana R. Valle; Oscar Thiers; Leandro Paulino; Oscar Martínez; Oscar Seguel; Manuel Casanova; Mario Pino; Rainer Horn; José Dörner
texts
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The Ñadi soils (ÑS) is a local name for soils occurring at southern Chile (38° to 43° S) covering around 4250 km2 hectares. Derived from volcanic materials, have discontinuous iron-cemented layers (the placic horizon) which favour waterlogging during the winter. The studies of iron-cemented layers are predominant in USA and Taiwan, but we provide an overview of ÑS research to position them within the group of soils with iron-cemented layers, and to highlight the distribution, formation,...
Topics: Aquands, Fraction analyses, Land use-soil depth, Placic horizons
Renewable energy consumption has been promoted to mitigate climate change problems under various schemes, such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. A country's choice of energy resources depends on the balancing of economic growth and environmental degradation, which will be closely related to its development stage. This study examines how the relationship between renewable energy consumption and carbon emissions is associated with the development stage by applying a panel...
Topics: Carbon emissions, Panel cointegration analysis, Renewable energy consumption
The polar climate of Antarctica results in the lowest erosion rates on Earth. The low long-term erosion history of high elevation mountain tops that are exposed above the ice preserve a record of climate change that can be accessed using cosmogenic nuclides. However, unravelling the complexity of the long-term denudation histories of Antarctic summits is frequently hampered by intermittent ice cover. The aim of this work is to identify denudation rate changes in a surface that has been...
Topics: "Cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be), Episodic erosion, Erosion rates, Mount Hampton, Olivine,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
24
24
2018
2018
by
Leena Riekkola; Alexandre N. Zerbini; Olive Andrews; Virginia Andrews-Goff; C. Scott Baker; David Chandler; Simon Childerhouse; Phillip Clapham; Remi Dodémont; David Donnelly; Ari Friedlaender; Ramon Gallego; Claire Garrigue; Yulia Ivashchenko; Simon Jarman; Rebecca Lindsay
texts
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Obtaining direct measurements to characterise ecosystem function can be hindered by remote or inaccessible regions. Next-generation satellite tags that inform increasingly sophisticated movement models, and the miniaturisation of animal-borne loggers, have enabled the use of animals as tools to collect habitat data in remote environments, such as the Southern Ocean. Research on the distribution, habitat use and recovery of Oceania's humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) has been constrained...
Topics: Epigenetic aging, Humpback whale, Multi-disciplinary, Progesterone, Satellite telemetry, Spatial...
Dry land ecosystems including Combretum-Terminalia vegetation cover a wider area in the tropics. These resources are believed to greatly contribute for climate change mitigation in dry land ecosystems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate biomass and soil carbon stocks of Combretum-Terminalia vegetation along the elevation ranges. A total of 60 nested sample plots of 20 m × 20 m were laid systematically along lower, middle and higher elevation ranges, representing 20 plots...
Topics: Climate change mitigation, Tropics
Despite the heightened urgency of curbing carbon emissions around the world, the healthcare sector in general, and the pharmaceutical sector in particular have received very little attention from the sustainability community in terms of their contribution to the global carbon footprint. In this paper, we conduct an analysis of the overall contributions and the historical emissions trends of the pharmaceutical sector, as well as an industry-specific comparative analysis of the major...
Topics: Climate change, Emission intensity, Emissions reduction, Greenhouse gas emissions, Paris agreement,...
The most severe extinction in Earth history occurred during a time of extreme climate change, caused in part by a massive release of carbon into the atmosphere. Isotopic measurements of siderite occurring in paleosols during intervals of global warming suggest high-latitude depletions in δ18O of precipitation, often attributed to an amplified hydrologic cycle. Here, Late Permian and Early Triassic paleosol siderite from Alaska, Antarctica, eastern Australia, Siberia, and South Africa indicate...
Topics: Seasonality, Wetlands
Mendeley Climate Change Library
73
73
2019
2019
by
Christophe Jaeger; Pierre Foucard; Aurélien Tocqueville; Sarah Nahon; Joël Aubin
texts
eye 73
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An aquaponics system (AS) is an integrated system that combines a recirculating aquaculture system and a hydroponics system (HS). It is designed to recover nutrients released from fish and transfer them to plants to provide a system more environmentally-friendly than the two systems working separately. As a result, several AS are under development, but little information is available about their overall performances. The aim of this study was to assess nutrient-use efficiency and environmental...
Topics: Climate change, Eutrophication, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Mendeley Climate Change Library
51
51
2018
2018
by
Mohan B. Dangi; Ram P. Chaudhary; Kedar Rijal; Peter D. Stahl; Shashidhar Belbase; Kenneth G. Gerow; Deanna Fernandez; Binod Pyakurel
texts
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To understand local perceptions of the impacts of environmental change in two mountain districts of Nepal — Myagdi and Mustang — between 2010 and 2014, a survey, focus groups, town hall meetings, and extensive consultation with local stakeholders were conducted, supplemented by analyses of soil, rainfall, and temperature data. Mountain people in Nepal shared their perceptions of environmental change in their everyday lives, including agricultural practices and tourism activities. While...
Topics: Annapurna Conservation Area, Climate change in the Nepalese Himalayas, Kali Gandaki River,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
23
23
2018
2018
by
Cunjuan Lv; Xusheng Li; Zhiyong Han; Yong Wang; Yuwen Zhou; Mengyao Jiang; Qianqian Yang; Zhiwei Xu; Shuangwen Yi; Huayu Lu
texts
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The Hunshandake Sandy Land, which is highly sensitive to climate change, is located in North China along the margins of the area influenced by the East Asian monsoon. The upper reach of the Xilamulun River, which drains the Hunshandake Sandy Land, provides an opportunity to test the response of a river landform within a sandy region to climate change. We investigated terraces at 4 sites along a 38-km-long stretch and performed OSL dating on 26 terraces. The dating results revealed 23 terraces...
Topics: East Asian monsoon, Fluvial terrace, Hunshandake Sandy Land, OSL dating
Mendeley Climate Change Library
61
61
2018
2018
by
Rongrong Sheng; Changchang Li; Qiong Wang; Lianping Yang; Junzhe Bao; Kaiwen Wang; Rui Ma; Chuansi Gao; Shao Lin; Ying Zhang; Chuandong Fu; Cunrui Huang
texts
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Background: Despite increasing concerns about the health effects of climate change, the extent to which workers are affected by hot weather is not well documented. This study aims to investigate the association between high temperatures and work-related injuries using data from a large subtropical city in China. Methods: We used workers’ compensation claims to identify work-related injuries in Guangzhou, China during 2011–2012. To feature the heat effect, the study period was restricted to...
Topics: Case-crossover study, Climate change, High temperature, Occupational health, Work injury
Mendeley Climate Change Library
32
32
2018
2018
by
Muhammad Rashid; John G. Hampton; M. Phil Rolston; Jason A.K. Trethewey; David J. Saville
texts
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Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of heat stress events during seed production. In two consecutive seasons, plants within a forage rape (Brassica napus L.) seed crop were covered with plastic sheeting to increase ambient air temperature for the period between seed filling (80% seed moisture content) and seed physiological maturity (50% seed moisture content) = T1, between physiological maturity and harvest (14% seed moisture content) = T2, and between 80% seed moisture...
Topics: Forage rape, Heat stress, Hourly thermal time, Seed quality, Temperature
Mendeley Climate Change Library
26
26
2019
2019
by
Kerou Zhang; Xiaolu Zhou; Mingxu Li; Kefeng Wang; Juhua Ding; Changhui Peng
texts
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A process-based dynamic ecosystem model of TRIPLEX-GHG was used to estimate the spatial and temporal patterns of N 2 O fluxes from global forest and grassland ecosystems under the effects of global warming and elevated CO 2 concentrations. From 1992 to 2015, the estimated average N 2 O emissions from forests and grasslands were 3.62 ± 0.16 Tg N yr −1 and 1.40 ± 0.03 Tg N yr −1 , respectively. Tropical regions made large contributions (83.9% for forests and 74% for grasslands) to the total...
Topics: Climate change, Global forest and grassland ecosystems, Nitrous oxide, Process-based model
Unsustainable hunting is widespread globally, generating one of the primary threats to tropical vertebrates but providing important revenue for many people. Recent evidence suggests that by removing seed dispersing vertebrates, overhunting can induce shifts in tree species composition that reduce the amount of carbon stored in the forest. I developed a bioeconomic model to assess the conditions under which hunting might lead to the loss of forest carbon, and to compare the revenue lost via...
Topics: Carbon cycle, Climate change, Defaunation, Overexploitation, REDD+, Subsistence hunting, Wild meat
This Editorial is the introductory text to the special section “Climate Change: Ecological and socio economic dimensions in the coastal zone” which is the result of the work developed to carry out the symposium of the same name held during the conference “EcoSummit 2016” in Montpellier, France, as well as the open call for papers published once the conference is over.
Topics: Climate change, Coastal zone, Socio economic dimension
Technology and policy implications of global energy and emissions scenarios can be difficult to analyze because underlying assumptions and drivers of scenarios are rarely made explicit. This article documents methods for standardizing emissions scenario results that can be applied to virtually any scenario, enabling more meaningful comparisons among scenarios than has been possible in the past. This approach uses charts showing the dynamics and effects of emission drivers, mitigation...
Topics: Climate change, Decomposition methods, Greenhouse-gas emissions scenarios, Integrated assessment...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
70
70
2018
2018
by
Jessica L. Raff; Justin L. Shawler; Daniel J. Ciarletta; Emily A. Hein; Jorge Lorenzo-Trueba; Christopher J. Hein
texts
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Barrier islands and their associated backbarrier ecosystems front much of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts, yet threshold conditions associated with their relative stability (i.e., state changes between progradation, erosion, and landward migration) in the face of sea-level rise remain poorly understood. The barrier islands along Virginia's Eastern Shore are among the largest undeveloped barrier systems in the U.S., providing an ideal natural laboratory to explore the sensitivity of barrier...
Topics: Antecedent geology, Barrier island, Beach ridge, Foredune ridge, Inlet, Progradation
In this article, numerical experiments are performed to investigate the effects of increasing atmospheric moisture on the precipitation depth (PD) produced by Hurricane Ivan (2004) over a target area, chosen as the drainage basin of the city of Asheville, NC. Atmospheric moisture was increased indirectly by increasing the sea surface temperature (SST) in the simulation initial conditions, and by letting the regional atmospheric model adjust the atmospheric fields to the SST perturbation. The...
Topics: Intense precipitation, Moisture maximization, Storm transposition
UHI is the most studied phenomenon of climate change and refers to the increased ambient temperature of cities compared to rural settings. Implementation of reflective materials to urban structures, such as roads and pavements, reduces the surface and ambient temperature and contributes to counterbalance the impact of the phenomenon. The present paper describes the design and the experimental evaluation of a large scale implementation of cool asphaltic and concrete pavements in a major traffic...
Topics: Cool coloured thin layer asphalt, Cool materials and pavements, Heat island, Heat island mitigation...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
220
220
2018
2018
by
Miquel De Cáceres; Nicolas Martin-StPaul; Marco Turco; Antoine Cabon; Victor Granda
texts
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High-resolution meteorological data are necessary to understand and predict climate-driven impacts on the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the spatial resolution of climate reanalysis data and climate model outputs is often too coarse for studies at local/landscape scales. Additionally, climate model projections usually contain important biases, requiring the application of statistical corrections. Here we present ‘meteoland’ an R package that integrates several...
Topics: Bias correction, Climate change, Drought stress, Regional climate model, Statistical downscaling,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
153
153
2018
2018
by
B. M. Jakosky; D. Brain; M. Chaffin; S. Curry; J. Deighan; J. Grebowsky; J. Halekas; F. Leblanc; R. Lillis; J. G. Luhmann; L. Andersson; N. Andre; D. Andrews; D. Baird; D. Baker; J. Bell
texts
eye 153
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Observations of the Mars upper atmosphere made from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft have been used to determine the loss rates of gas from the upper atmosphere to space for a complete Mars year (16 Nov 2014 – 3 Oct 2016). Loss rates for H and O are sufficient to remove ∼2–3 kg/s to space. By itself, this loss would be significant over the history of the planet. In addition, loss rates would have been greater early in history due to the enhanced solar EUV and...
Topics: Atmosphere, Magnetospheres, Mars, Mars atmosphere, Mars climate, Solar wind
The 405-kyr cycles in proxy records for the East Asian summer monsoon and global ice volume intensified and became phase-locked to eccentricity forcing at ~ 4.5 Ma. We revised previous forcing mechanism hypothesis for Pliocene intensification of the 405-kyr cycles in paleoclimatic records and proposed that the establishment of salinity difference between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea at ~ 4.5 Ma triggered an ocean-air positive feedback mechanism. This feedback mechanism caused...
The estuarine delta of the Yellow River is a region of strong land-ocean-human interactions that undergoes a unique evolutionary process. In this paper, we combined historical data and remote sensing images to better understand the evolution of the Yellow River delta. Changes in the Yellow River estuarine flow path from natural swing to artificial diversion were first studied to understand the rules and mechanism of the delta formation. The complex geomorphic structural system of the Yellow...
Topics: Artificial intervention, Delta development, Land-ocean-human interaction, Natural driving, Yellow...
Climate change mitigation is crucial to limit detrimental impacts of climate change on food production. However, cost-optimal mitigation pathways consistent with the Paris agreement project large-scale land-based mitigation for bio-energy and afforestation to achieve stringent climate targets. Land demand from land-based mitigation leads to competition with food production, raising concerns that climate policy (SDG13 – climate action) conflicts with food security objectives (SDG2 – zero...
Topics: Agricultural intensification, Climate change, Diet change, Food security, Land-based mitigation
Improving sustainability of organic tomato value chains requires increase of production and reduction of losses and related environmental burden. This paper presents the study conducted on organic tomato produced and consumed in Sweden. Using life cycle analysis (LCA) method with SimaPro8.2 LCA software, the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP 100 ) were investigated within the system boundary of cradle-to-consumer gate. The system was modeled as fresh tomato value...
Topics: Life cycle analysis, Organic tomato value chain, Sweden, Tomato drying
Mendeley Climate Change Library
37
37
2019
2019
by
Munemasa Teramoto; Naishen Liang; Yoshiyuki Takahashi; Jiye Zeng; Reiko Ide; Xin Zhao
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Thinning is a necessary procedure for the sustainable management of plantation forests. Thinning has a remarkable influence on forest carbon balance; however, there are limited studies showing the integrated assessment of the effects of thinning on several understory carbon flux components using long-term monitoring data. We measured understory flux components using automated chambers continuously over 12 years to understand the effects of forest thinning conducted in May 2014 and March 2015...
Topics: Automated chamber, Disturbance, Forest management, Soil respiration, Understory flux components,...
Traditional water harvesting (tank) systems are integral to agricultural development and livelihoods of rural communities in India. Despite the fact that these systems provide number of services (drinking water, protective irrigation, etc.,), their importance and contribution declined during the post-independence India. Population pressure along with poor maintenance have led to their deterioration. For instance, the number tanks not in use has doubled between 2000-01 and 2010-11. The share of...
Topics: India, Irrigation, Management, Participatory, Rehabilitation, Tank
Economic inequality reduces the political space for addressing climate change, by producing fear-based populism. Only when the safety, social status, and livelihoods of all members of society are assured will voluntary, democratic decisions be possible to reverse climate change and fairly mitigate its effects. Socio-environmental and climate justice, commoning, and decolonization are pre-conditions for participatory, responsible governance that both signals and assists the development of...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
48
48
2018
2018
by
Alevtina Evgrafova; Tilman René de la Haye; Ina Haase; Olga Shibistova; Georg Guggenberger; Nikita Tananaev; Leopold Sauheitl; Sandra Spielvogel
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The vulnerability of soil organic matter (SOM) sequestered in permafrost-affected soils to climate change plays one of the key roles in the global carbon (C) cycle. However, it still remains unclear how changing soil and site-specific factors, associated with the changing depth of the permafrost table due to thawing, influence the spatial distribution and variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) stocks in high-latitude mineral soils. The relationships between the spatial...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
32
32
2018
2018
by
Hudson L. Mendonça; T. Diana L. van Aduard de Macedo-Soares; Marcus Vinicius de A. Fonseca
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Mission-oriented programs have regularly been used as innovation policies when governments (or societies) are faced with complex challenges that demand radical innovations and multiplayer coordination. Nowadays, the global climate-change question, including the energy source issue, is an example of a mission-oriented challenge. Several countries have adopted energy programs with mission-oriented characteristics. Brazil, for example, launched three programs (PAISS, PAISS 2 and Inova Energia) to...
Topics: Brazil, Innovation, Mission-oriented, Public policy, Renewable energy
Mendeley Climate Change Library
42
42
2019
2019
by
Abdolvahhab Fetanat; Hossein Mofid; Mojtaba Mehrannia; Gholamreza Shafipour
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Due to problems such as limited land area for waste disposal and waste-borne diseases, waste management organizations have increasingly been offering technologies for recovering energy from waste. These technologies can help governments, local authorities, developers and investors for mitigating climate change and building sustainable societies. The suitable waste-to-energy production technology selection is a complex issue in waste supply chain management that must not only be assessed in...
Topics: Decision-making, Energy justice, Sustainable waste management, Waste supply chain management,...
According to the insurance hypothesis, high taxonomic diversity should ensure ecosystem stability because of functional redundancy, whereas reduced functional diversity that results from species loss should affect ecosystem sensitivity, resilience, and vulnerability. However, even in species-rich ecosystems, functional over-redundancy (FOR; i.e., the tendency of most species to cluster into a few over-represented functional entities) in some cases may result in under-representation of many...
Topics: Epiphytes, Functional traits, Insurance hypothesis, Rivet redundancy hypothesis, Rock-dwelling...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
47
47
2018
2018
by
Nico Eisenhauer; Sylvie Herrmann; Jes Hines; François Buscot; Julia Siebert; Madhav P. Thakur
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Research exploring the timing of recurring biological events has shown that anthropogenic climate change dramatically alters the phenology of many plants and animals. However, we still lack studies on how climate change might alter the phenology of soil invertebrates as well as how this can subsequently affect ecosystem functions.
Topics: aboveground–belowground interactions, biotic interactions, climate change, soil animals, temporal...
Silicon and carbon geochemical linkages were usually regulated by chemical weathering and organism activity, but had not been investigated under the drought condition, and the magnitude and extent of drought effects remain poorly understood. We collected a comprehensive data set from a total of 13 sampling sites covering the main water body of the largest freshwater lake system in Australia, the Lower Lakes. Changes to water quality during drought (April 2008–September 2010) and post-drought...
Topics: Bicarbonate, Climate change, Dissolved silica, Drought, Geochemical linkages, Water quality...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
22
22
2018
2018
by
Valentina Palermo; Claire L. Walsh; Richard J. Dawson; Alberto Fichera; Giuseppe Inturri
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Climate change mitigation in urban areas requires a portfolio of policies and practices that are implemented across a range of scales and sectors. The local scale allows the development and implementation of site specific strategies to address climate change in urban areas that have been proven to be more efficient, especially within buildings. But these must be within the wider context of transport and other energy consumption. A unique integrated assessment methodology for the analysis of...
Topics: Energy model, Neighbourhood, Urban energy
Spatial planning of green infrastructure has become well established since the turn of the millennium. However, as a planning and policy concept alone it lacks the focus and immediacy that decision makers may be looking for to solve current problems associated with urban and extra-urban sustainability and resilience. In nature-based solutions decision makers can find the focus and immediacy they are seeking. We posit that these nature-based solutions used in combination with spatial green...
Topics: Climate change, Green infrastructure, Grey infrastructure, Nature-based solutions, Path dependence,...
Mendeley Climate Change Library
46
46
2018
2018
by
Nils Hoffmann; Peter Schall; Christian Ammer; Bertram Leder; Torsten Vor
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eye 46
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Many non-native tree species have been introduced to Europe to improve forest productivity. It is assumed that some of these species are better able than native species to mitigate negative effects of climate change. A high growth-related tolerance to climatic extremes is essential to qualify a tree species’ suitability for cultivation and must be quantified before initiating adaptation measures. This study investigated basal area and volume increment (BAI and VI) data at various stem height...
Topics: Climate sensitivity, Drought response, Exotic tree species, Resistance, Stem analysis, Total ring...
Karst landscape, covers more than 10% of the global land surface and plays an important role in supporting ecosystems and human society, may be strongly influenced by climate change. Vegetation available water (VAW) is a key variable impacting the sensitivity of ecosystems to a changing environment. However, VAW in karst region is difficult to determine and remains uncertain. This study improved a dynamic Budyko-type water balance model, by introducing a nonlinear equation linking climate,...
Topics: Budyko framework, Ecohydrology, Hydrological modeling, Water balance
Mendeley Climate Change Library
60
60
2019
2019
by
M. Arshadi; H. Taghvaei; M. K. Abdolmaleki; M. Lee; H. Eskandarloo; A. Abbaspourrad
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Serious and immediate action is needed to reduce carbon emissions and prevent catastrophic global climate change. In this work, we investigate the enhancement of CO 2 absorption in water by preparing and adding different types of modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles to a water-base fluid, creating a nanofluid system that has gained increasing interest over the last decade. The nanoabsorbents are prepared by using different inorganic and organic reagents; tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS),...
Topics: CO 2 absorption, Dendritic, Nanofluidic, Nanoparticle, Water
Mendeley Climate Change Library
57
57
2018
2018
by
Aditya Sharma; Devesh Sharma; S. K. Panda; Swatantra Kumar Dubey; Rajani K. Pradhan
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The ongoing increases in concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gas will most likely affect global climate for the rest of this century. Global warming brings a huge provocation to society and human beings. Single extreme events and increased climate variability have a greater impact than long-term changes in the mean of climatic variables. This study analyzed the temperature projections for Rajasthan state, India using data obtain from two General Circulation Models (GFCM21 and HadCM3) for...
Topics: Extreme indices, LARS-WG5, SRES, Temperature
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a major soil component. However, there is still much to learn regarding its spatial and temporal distribution as well as how SOC moves through the landscape. Of particular interest is how SOC movement is related to soil erosion and deposition. Here we examine the spatial distribution of SOC over two large (562 and 606 km 2 ) catchments in relation to soil erosion and deposition. We found that the spatial distribution of SOC concentration on average is stable (over...
Topics: Carbon cycle, Climate change, Environmental tracers, Soil erosion, Soil organic carbon
In Bangladesh climate change has contributed to a massive displacement of people. This study examines the effects of climate-related displacement, socioeconomic status, availability of healthcare providers and disease-related attributes on the healthcare-seeking behaviors of parents for their children. Using cross-sectional survey data from the parents of 1003 children aged under 15 who were ill in the four weeks prior to the interview, collected from 600 randomly-selected households in climate...
Topics: Bangladesh, Child healthcare, Climate displacement, Health, Healthcare behavior
Climate change and population growth can affect the supply and the demand sides of transportation networks, respectively. Rational assessment of societal risk of transportation networks should consider these effects, both of which are uncertain in nature. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to assess societal risk of transportation networks subjected to uncertainties due to climate change and future population growth. The method is posited on a robust traffic assignment model using the...
Topics: Climate change, Population growth, Risk assessment, Robust traffic assignment
Mendeley Climate Change Library
48
48
2019
2019
by
Jesús Horacio; Efrén Muñoz-Narciso; Alan S. Trenhaile; Augusto Pérez-Alberti
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Historical air photographs, LiDAR, and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used to record the movement, from 1956 to 2018, of a clay and clast earthflow in a coastal valley in northwestern Spain. Two procedures were employed. The first tracked changes, in a GIS environment, in the location of eight, easily identified objects on the surface of the deposit (large boulders, topographic lobes, and the foundations of an old hut). The second used DEMs of Difference (DoDs) based on Digital Elevation...
Topics: Coastal-valley, Earthflow, Galicia, LiDAR, SfM-photogrammetry, UAV
The rapidly urbanizing cities in Southeast Asia experience increasing flood impacts due to the consequences of climate change. In these cities, policy efforts to build flood resilience are gaining momentum. The aim of this paper is to understand and assess flood resilience policy development, particularly in cities in developing countries. Bangkok is one of the cities that participates in the 100 Resilient Cities Programme (100RC) - the international policy platform for building resilient...
Topics: Bangkok, Developing country, Flood resilience, Flood risk management, Framing
